This research aims to study the factors affecting gender equality in Iraqi football setting. The current research is based on a quantitative approach. The research population consisted of the employees of the football federation, players, and football coaches in Iraq. Based on Morgan's table, 384 people completed a researcher-developed questionnaire through random sampling. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by eight professors of sports management. Convergent and divergent validity and composite reliability were checked and confirmed by the PLS software. Findings showed patriarchal culture, gender stereotypes, the variable of gender inequality in broadcasts, the biased performance of social media in gender equality, gender inequality in budgeting and financial support, the variable of public support for men's football, and inequality in accessing to sports facilities and equipment have significant effects on gender equality in Iraqi football setting. However, the findings reveal that family restrictions do not have significant effect on gender equality in Iraqi football setting.

In this article, the nature of violence in football has been surveyed. Based on the conceptual framework of collective behavior, the researcher has studied the football fans and spectators. They are formless, spontaneous, and extremely excited masses. In this article, football has also been considered as a suitable social context for exhausting the feelings and excitements which have been suppressed in modem society.

In the last century, football has become a major player in cultural, social, economic and, more importantly, political and international exchanges. As this sport affects beliefs, attitudes and practices, and as one of the factors contributing to the formation of internal and external policies and relationships, it can carry out numerous social, economic, cultural and diplomatic functions and has made a lot of change in countries. As a result, sports and sport activities have gone beyond physical activity or entertainment, and have achieved various social, cultural, economic, political and international goals and functions. Analysis of theories and research found that among the various phenomena, football as one of the examples of relations between countries has been able to place a special place among the programs of developing countries to express their own society demands to the world. The political, social, economic, and cultural functions of football, and its effects and effects on the level of interactions between states and others, international actors, have the potential to be theorized and conceptualized. Based on the findings of this study, the specifics and functions of football diplomacy can be seen as strengthening national identity as a means of development, peace and reconciliation tools, a tool for altruism and improving relations, a soft power tool, a ٣ ٠ tool for convergence and dialogue in the national and international dimension of countries. This article is based on descriptive-analytical method and the method of data collection is based on documentary and library and comparative study.

Introduction: The current research was done to provide an image and identity of the future of Iraqi professional football in order to improve the future of this sport.Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data, which was carried out by combining the methods of theme analysis, layered analysis of causes and scenario creation by Dator's method. The participants included 18 Iraqi football experts.Results: The results showed that the most important options are the uncertainties that have a special value in the future of Iraqi professional football and the lack of policies based on infrastructure and their equipment. Disabilities show that they are afraid of failure and believe that they reach the violence of power in the layers of discourse and metaphor and myth and the lack of integrity and acceptance in strict laws and the lack of correct policies to the problems raised. All the factors identified in the solutions phase were confirmed by using research confirmation analysis in order to draw the scenario. The results of these findings are in four scenarios of fair competition, final death, multi-story cemetery, and 127 hours.Conclusion: The outlined scenarios will help policymakers and federation managers to change the identity and image of Iraqi professional football by creating a common language, developing political and cultural diplomacy, increasing professional sports ethics, and developing courage and justice.

Objective: Due to increasing importance of social activities, the object of this research was deep study of football social responsibility. Methodology: method of research was Grounded Theory with Glaser approach. for this purpose, with purposed and snowball sampling, identified 13 experts in football social issues that was conducted 13 deep interviews to achieve theoretical saturation. Data analized through coding in Glaser approach with constant comparison in the coding process include substantive and theoretical. for explaining the research model, around the core category was used model the 6Cs family in Glaser approach. Results: 192 codes were obtained that were categerized in 29 concepts. the results are shown promoting social and caltural values, social justice, cultural modeling, promoting volunteering culture, planning approach, lawfulness, moral contextualization, philanthropy activities, environmentalism are one of most important explanatory factors of football social responsibility. Conclusion: experts in this research, more emphasis on cultural-social development, education of social values and ethical issues. sports managers by identifying various aspects of social responsibility, such as cultural affairs، Environmental measures and Humanitarian activities and reviewing its effects on society, can understand better importance of social responsibility of your plans and respect community needs and spectators with better ways.

Diglyphus Walker, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has previously been recorded in Iraq, with two species registered in the region: D. isaea Walker, 1838 and D. crassinervis Erdös 1958 During a survey conducted in Basrah Governorate, Southern Iraq, specimens were collected from alfalfa fields (Medicago sativa L.) using a sweep net and yellow pan traps in 2022. In this study, two species were identified: D. isaea Walker, 1838 and D. sabulosus Erdös, 1951. The latter is a new record for the fauna of Iraq. An illustrated key for identifying Diglyphus species in Iraq, along with notes on diagnostic characters and photographs are provided. A distribution map of the species in Iraq is also presented.

football contracts in the domestic arena and, to some extent, in the international stage suffer from a plethora of gaps and imperfections. According to pronouncements by FIFA, every football contract is valid only upon the possession of 13 specific headings. In contrast, the regulations of Iran’ s football federation lacks any particular minimum criteria for football contracts. This paper, while examining the minimum criteria of football contracts under the regulations of FIFA and Iran’ s football federation, deals with the legal status of player’ s internal contracts with clubs, particularly when they conflict with the official agreements of the players registered in football federation and reaches the conclusion that in case of conflict between the contents of internal contracts and the formal agreements registered in the football federation, the latter prevails. Also, it comes up with the findings that codification of a minimum standards for football contracts, the unification of the contents of such agreements, modernization of regulations applicable in the football field, and the removal of their ambiguities, are necessary and unavoidable.

Objective: In the following study, the Determination and Ranking of Iran’ s football talent criteria from Iranian trainers of Asian football confederation(AFC) eye sight is analyzed. Methodology: (the following study is of descriptive-analytic type. The dostdari and colleagues’ s (1391) questionnaire which has been confirmed by physical education experts was used to obtain data. The internal validity of the questionnaires was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha method (82. 0). The population of the research was 122 of Iranian trainers of Asian football Federation Which were intended purpose and the total number. To describe the variables, descriptive statistic method and to test the research hypothesis in meaningful level (p< 0. 05), inferential statistics (Freidman test) was applied. Results: It showed in football talent, in priority, skill-individual technique criteria ( 34 / 5 ), skill-individual tactics (4/93), Anthropometric criteria (3/30), psychological criteria (3/19), physical-motion criterion (2/72) and society criterion (1/43) are considered to be important respectively. In skill-individual technique criterion (ball controlling) (3/68), in skill-individual tactics (Moves without the ball) (4/18), in anthropometric criteria (Stature) (4/84), in psychological criterion (deciding and selecting) (3/82), in physical-motion criteria (speed) (4/12) and sociological criterion (team work motivation) (3/89) are as the most important obtained parameters. Conclusion: Coaches and administrators designing football scouting for talent to find and select talented players pay attention to all the indices; because paying attention to these criteria and sub-criteria multiplies the success of talent plans.

Purpose: Every sport has a unique profile of injury and risk of injury. In recent years, there have been numerous attempts at conducting injury prevention trials for specific injuries or for injuries within specific sports to provide evidence useful to the sports medicine and sport community. football has been a focus of a number of randomized injury prevention trials.Methods: MEDLINE was searched with the first order keywords of "injury prevention" and "sport". This list was restricted to "clinical trial" or "randomized controlled trial" which had been conducted on children and adults whose goal was preventing common football injuries. Our objective was to find studies with an exercise-based training program, thus projects that used mechanical interventions were excluded.Results: A structured, generalized warm-up has been shown to be effective at preventing common injuries in football, reducing injuries by about one-third. Conclusion: The huge participation numbers in the worldwide family of football would suggest that any reduction in injury should have a public health impact. Professionals in sports medicine need to promote injury prevention programs that have been shown to be effective.